Showing posts with label MAURITIUS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MAURITIUS. Show all posts

Thursday, August 27, 2020

RSN: Andy Borowitz | Hundreds of RNC Attendees Test Positive for Delusion

 


Reader Supported News
27 August 20


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26 August 20

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Andy Borowitz | Hundreds of RNC Attendees Test Positive for Delusion
First lady Melania Trump speaks on the second night of the Republican National Convention from the Rose Garden of the White House, Tuesday, Aug. 25, 2020, in Washington. (photo: Evan Vucci)
Andy Borowitz, The New Yorker
Borowitz writes: "An outbreak hit the 2020 Republican National Convention this week as hundreds of attendees tested positive for delusion."
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An American obscenity. (photo: AP)
An American obscenity. (photo: AP)


Remember the Children: Trump's Treatment of Immigrant Families Alone Is Reason Enough to Deny Him Reelection
Editorial Board, The New York Daily News
Excerpt: "Donald Trump's defects of character have already filled several books. As we catalog 99 reasons why he must be denied a second term, his policy failures loom every bit as large, because they have left many human lives in wreckage."

onald Trump’s defects of character have already filled several books. As we catalog 99 reasons why he must be denied a second term, his policy failures loom every bit as large, because they have left many human lives in wreckage.

Today, we turn to the border policy that forced the separation of families, leaving Americans to reckon with the disgusting reality that their government was caging children.

In the spring of 2017, breaking from Obama administration policy, Trump & Co. began a trial at the El Paso crossing: All undocumented adults seeking entry, even those with children, would be detained. By the fall, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced a still harsher scheme whereby thousands of children, some as young as 5, were systematically separated from parents and older family members.

Horrors commenced.

Even after courts forced Trump to stand down, so half-hearted and disorganized were the administration’s reunification efforts, as of October of the following year, hundreds of minors had yet to be put back with their mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers.

Of course, Trump has consistently tried to evade responsibility for his own administration’s actions. But it came to light this week that Trump aide Stephen Miller forced Cabinet officials to vote on the policy. “If we don’t enforce this, it is the end of our country as we know it,” Miller told the officials.

Trump took children from their parents to excite his anti-immigrant base. Do not forget.

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Supreme Court of The United States. (photo: Getty)
Supreme Court of The United States. (photo: Getty)


Supreme Court Refuses to Halt Execution of Navajo Inmate Amid Tribe's Objections
John Kruzel, The Hill
Kruzel writes: "The Supreme Court on Tuesday night refused to block the execution of a Native American death row inmate whose capital punishment has drawn objections from Navajo tribal leaders."

EXCERPT:

Mitchell is scheduled to be the fourth federal prisoner executed this summer after the Trump administration revived the practice under a new lethal injection protocol following a 17-year hiatus.

The Supreme Court did not directly confront the issues concerning Mitchell's capital punishment and Native American rights. But lower court judges previously expressed concerns that his prosecution, which was carried out by U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) attorneys, may represent an unlawful encroachment on tribal sovereignty.

Under a 1994 law, the federal government is required to get a tribe’s permission before it can carry out a death sentence for murder committed by a tribal member on an Indian reservation, as happened in Mitchell’s case. But U.S. prosecutors avoided this requirement by pursuing the death penalty for related crimes Mitchell committed that are not covered under the law.

Navajo members have repeatedly objected to the federal government’s execution of Mitchell.

“As part of Navajo cultural and religious values we do not support the concept of capital punishment. Navajo holds life sacred,” Levon Henry, then-attorney general of the Navajo Nation Department of Justice, wrote in a 2002 letter to U.S. DOJ officials involved in Mitchell’s federal case. 

“Our culture and religion teach us to value life and instruct against the taking of human life for vengeance,” he added.

U.S. prosecutors managed to sidestep tribal sovereignty protections by securing a death sentence for Mitchell’s role in the ultimately fatal theft of his victims' car, a crime that is exempt from the tribal permission requirement.

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Mike Pompeo speaks at RNC. (photo: Getty)
Mike Pompeo speaks at RNC. (photo: Getty)


Trump Aides 'Take Pride' in Violating Ethics Laws Because It Upsets the Media at No Cost to Them, Reports Say
Sinéad Baker, Business Insider
Baker writes: "A series of moments from the Republican National Convention have been met with outrage after critics suggested that appearances from Cabinet officials, and use of the White House as a backdrop, violate ethics rules."

 series of moments from the Republican National Convention have been met with outrage after critics suggested that appearances from Cabinet officials, and use of the White House as a backdrop, violate ethics rules.

According to numerous media reports citing Trump campaign insiders, the outrage is exactly the point.

Trump aides "take pride" in pushing the boundaries of ethics laws that are supposed to separate public office and political activities, The New York Times reported.

The Daily Beast, citing two former officials, said one motivation is that such acts frustrate the media with few consequences for themselves.

Trump campaign comms direction Tim Murtaugh also linked the use of federal buildings with outrage from "liberals," claiming it exposed a double standard. 

Most criticism of the RNC has focused on the Hatch Act, a 1930s federal law designed to stop top-level government employees partaking in political activity. It excludes the president and vice-president.

Some experts also think the law bans the use of public spaces for political activities, The New York Times reported.

The accusations of violating the act stem from in some cases from speeches — from officials like Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and acting Department of Homeland Security chief Chad Wolf — who hold positions that have historically been removed from frontline politics.

It also involves events being held in federal spaces, including the White House itself.

According to the Beast, Trump's "aides and advisers revel in their increasingly frequent violations of the Hatch Act."

Two former officials told the Daily Beast that senior administration officials broadly see the Hatch Act as a joke, and gloat over how their violations have largely been met with no consequences.

According to the Beast, "Some Trump lieutenants have privately bragged about their alleged violations as a proud rite of passage."

Trump allies are happy if the media becomes fixated on the topic, the Beast reported, claiming that the average US voter will not care about it.

The New York Times also reported that some of Trump's aides "privately scoff" at the act, and "take pride" in violating it.

Allegations from the RNC

Pompeo's speech was prerecorded from Jerusalem, part of a taxpayer-funded State Department trip. Ethics experts say that he likely violated the act.

Rep. Joaquin Castro, a Democrat, said he is launching an investigation of the speech, which he said may breach "the Hatch Act, government-wide regulations implementing that Act, and State Department policies." 

And Rep. Eliot Engel, a Democrat and chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, said before Pompeo's speech that it "will violate legal restrictions on political activities, according to a longstanding interpretation by State Department lawyers."

And, as Business Insider Eliza Relman reported, the acting secretary of homeland security, Chad Wolf, was criticized for holding a naturalization ceremony for five new US citizens at the White House in a video broadcast during the convention.

Walter Shaub, who was director of the US Office of Government Ethics under former President Barack Obama, tweeted on Tuesday night that he'd "seen a lot of ethical abuses before" but that he'd "never seen anything like that."



He later said: "Chad Wolf using official authority to conduct a legally binding act as a bit of performance art for Trump's re-election is so far over the line as to make him unfit for public service."

Ethics groups have also condemned Trump and first lady for using the White House as the backdrop for their speeches and appearances at the convention.

Shaub tweeted: "This is your reminder that the White House belongs to us, not the party."

And he also tweeted: "The Rose Garden is used for official government business, including press conferences. They had no business using that official area of the White House for a campaign event."

The Washington Post reported that a team of lawyers reviewed Pompeo's speech before it was recorded to ensure it did not violate ethics rules. A person close to Pompeo and the State Department told the outlet that no taxpayer money would be used in the video's production.

The State Department defended his speech by saying that he appeared at the convention in a personal capacity. 

The Wall Street Journal also reported that the White House defended the naturalization ceremony against accusations of ethics violations because it "publicized the content of the event on a public website this afternoon and the campaign decided to use the publicly available content for campaign purposes."

Trump aides have previously been called out under the Hatch Act. The US Office of Special Counsel said in 2019 that White House counselor Kellyanne Conway violated the act on "numerous occasions" and should be removed from the White House.

In the end, Conway stayed in office and announced her departure this month for unrelated reasons.

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Video games, like many parts of modern life rooted in technology, are often built with open-source code. (photo: iStock)
Video games, like many parts of modern life rooted in technology, are often built with open-source code. (photo: iStock)


The Path to Destroying Capitalism Might Go Through a Software License
Patrick Klepek, VICE
Klepek writes: "When we think of radical action, ways of reconceptualizing basic assumptions about how the world should operate in pursuit of a more just society, chances are something as innocuous as a software license, a dump of text that determines what you can or cannot do with lines of code made by someone else, isn't what comes to mind."
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A family in Gaza prepares a meal over a fire amid the fuel shortages caused by Israel's siege. (photo: Ashraf Amra/Al Jazeera)
A family in Gaza prepares a meal over a fire amid the fuel shortages caused by Israel's siege. (photo: Ashraf Amra/Al Jazeera)


Gaza Fears the Worst as Israel Ratchets Up Its Siege
Hana Adli, Al Jazeera
Adli writes: "Fears are mounting for the safety of people with health issues as already-strained hospitals are largely without power and the Palestinian territory faces a coronavirus outbreak."

As coronavirus pandemic enters the beleaguered enclave, Israel's blockade intensifies suffering of the Palestinians.


Two million residents are surviving on only four hours of electricity a day after Israel cut off the fuel supply, leading to the shut down of Gaza's sole power plant last week. 

Israel made the move after the continuous launch of incendiary balloons from the coastal enclave towards Israeli communities surrounding the Gaza Strip by activists demanding the easing of the crippling 13-year blockade.

At 5:30am local time, Salwa al-Bitar, 40, arrived at al-Shifa hospital to start her four-hour dialysis treatment in central Gaza City, which she requires once a week, before the arrival of other patients for the life-saving treatment. 

"The situation is harder than before in addition to the precautionary measures to avoid COVID-19 infections. We are afraid from the effects of the fuel shortage on hospitals," al-Bitar told Al Jazeera.

"My body is very sensitive. With only four hours of electricity, it's like experiencing death in life. I can't breathe as I can't operate a fan, air conditioning, or use any substitution to deal with the electricity shortage."

Ashraf al-Qidra, spokesperson for Gaza's health ministry, said the power cuts have "dangerous repercussions" for hospitals with 120 premature babies needing incubators, 100 patients in intensive care, and 950 people with kidney failure requiring haemodialysis sessions every week.

"In addition, the electricity crisis endangers the daily surgeries, caesarean deliveries, and the laboratories … as the old generators can barely cover the electricity needs during this crisis," al-Qidra told Al Jazeera.

'Dilapidated health system'

On Monday night, a total lockdown was imposed on the besieged Gaza Strip after authorities confirmed the first coronavirus infections.

"The announcement of COVID-19 cases within the community in Gaza puts the dilapidated health system due to the blockade at a dangerous new juncture, and it is difficult to withstand without regional and international support," said al-Qidra.

Mohamed al-Qawwas, 55, needs to visit the dialysis unit three times a week, and he expressed concern at the arrival of COVID-19 in Gaza. He has diabetes and heart disease, which make a potential infection extremely dangerous. 

"I go to the hospital three times a week and due to fuel and equipment shortage, I wait for about two hours to start my four-hour session," al-Qawwas told Al Jazeera. "This is exhausting my heart and spirit."

On August 11, Israel halted the entry of some materials into Gaza, but days later banned all transfers through the only commercial crossing except for food and medicine. The sea was also made inaccessible to fishermen on August 16.

'Ignoring crimes'

Fawzi Barhoum - a spokesman for Hamas, the rulers of Gaza - called Israel's move "a crime against humanity".

"If the occupation thinks that this siege will undermine the determination and persistence of our people and its resistance, and that it will achieve security for them, that is delusional," Barhoum said in a statement.

He urged intervention by the international community. "We call on human rights and humanitarian institutions and the international community - and decision-makers in the region - to break their silence and work to curb the Zionist aggression and end the blockade of Gaza.

"The absence of deterrent decisions to the occupation, but rather ignoring its crimes and normalisation with it is the main reason for its persistence in its crimes and violations against Palestinians."

The Palestinian Businessmen Association in Gaza announced on Monday that nearly 2,000 companies have been completely or partially affected by the power station's stoppage.

"Preventing the entry of various materials necessary for the activity of the industrial and health sectors threatens to have dangerous repercussions on the strategic stock of basic needs, threatening food insecurity, high unemployment, and poverty rates," Ali al-Hayek, head of the association, told Al Jazeera.

Food shortages

Walid al-Efranj, sales manager of a bakery chain, said fuel shortages were already affecting food production in the territory. 

"The food industry in Gaza has been affected negatively by the lack of fuel as there is a decrease in production. And because of the coronavirus crisis, consumers rushed to stockpile food for the home quarantine period, which forced us to work longer hours using fuel generators that increase the cost of production for us," he said.

Ahmed Labib al-Helou, head of the Association of Owners of Oil and Gas Companies in Gaza, warned of "disastrous consequences" on fuel supplies if the closure of the Karem Abu Salem (known as Kerem Shalom to Israelis)commercial crossing with the Israeli side continues.

Fishermen, too, are voicing concern. 

"We depend on daily wages from selling the fish catch. If we don't work we can't afford food for our families, and for the 13th day in a row there is no source of income because of the ban on fishing," said Khaled al-Habil, 40, a fisherman from the al-Shati refugee camp in Gaza City.

"In addition to the implications of COVID-19 and precautionary measures that decreased our fish supply during the past three months, now Israel has shut down the sea. Two enemies against us - that is too much."

Palestinian politician Jamal al-Khudari, chairman of the National Committee to Confront the Siege against Gaza, said the reopening of the commercial crossing was imperative with Gaza now facing the COVID-19 pandemic.

"The coronavirus pandemic enters Gaza in the most difficult humanitarian, health and environmental conditions, in light of the tightening of the occupation's siege," he said in a statement.

Palestinian sources confirmed the Qatari envoy to Gaza, Mohammed al-Emadi, was in the enclave on Wednesday as part of mediation efforts to alleviate tension between Israel and Hamas and fears of another all-out war.

READ MORE



Many tourists swim with dolphins in Mauritius. (photo: BBC)
Many tourists swim with dolphins in Mauritius. (photo: BBC)


Mauritius Oil Spill: Dead Dolphins Found After Shipwreck
Yasine Mohabuth, BBC News
Mohabuth writes: "Environmental campaigners say the deaths were either caused by the oil spill from a Japanese-owned ship or by authorities sinking part of the vessel."

At least 17 dead dolphins have been found on the coast of Mauritius, prompting debates about whether a recent oil spill was to blame.

nvironmental campaigners say the deaths were either caused by the oil spill from a Japanese-owned ship or by authorities sinking part of the vessel.

But the fisheries minister said "at first glance" the deaths appeared to be unconnected to the spill.

He said at least two of the dolphins had shark bites.

The carcasses are currently undergoing a post-mortem.

It is rare for so many dead dolphins to be found at the same time. Two were found in May 2019.

These are the first reported deaths of dolphins since the shipwreck. Up to now, many fish and crabs have been found dead.

The sight of the dolphins caused anger among residents.

"Waking up this morning to witness so many dead dolphins on our seashore is worse than a nightmare," resident Nitin Jeeha told the BBC.

"I have seen around eight to 10 dead dolphins. Are there more in the lagoon?"

Although many of the dolphins were found dead, some were discovered weak or dying on the shore. 

Was the oil spill to blame?

Environmental activists told the BBC they thought so.

The MV Wakashio ran aground on coral reef on 25 July at Pointe d'Esny, a known sanctuary for rare wildlife.

The area contains wetlands designated as a site of international importance by the Ramsar convention on wetlands. 

Oceanographer Vassen Kauppaymuthoo said the dolphins smelled of fuel.

"In my opinion, this situation will continue to deteriorate as time goes on," he was quoted by local media as saying. 

Environmentalist Sunil Dowarkasing said either the oil spill from the bulk carrier or the sinking of its bow last week caused the deaths. 

"The scuttling probably disturbed marine mammals in their natural habitat. There will be after-effects, and this is just the beginning," Mr Dowarkasing added.

Greenpeace Africa has warned that "thousands" of animal species are "at risk of drowning in a sea of pollution, with dire consequences for Mauritius's economy, food security and health".

But Sudheer Maudhoo, the nation's fisheries minister, said initial tests on the dolphins indicated that there was no link between the oil spill and their deaths.

He noted that there were shark bites on at least two of the mammals but further tests would be needed to identify the cause.

READ MORE


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Thursday, August 20, 2020

RSN: You Can Drive a Full-Size Minivan Through the Loopholes in Louis DeJoy's Statement

 

 

Reader Supported News
20 August 20


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Charles Pierce | You Can Drive a Full-Size Minivan Through the Loopholes in Louis DeJoy's Statement
Postmaster General Louis DeJoy. (photo: Alex Wong/Getty)

ALSO SEE: Don't Breathe Easy About the Postal Service Yet


Charles Pierce, Esquire
Pierce writes: "The Postal Service chief's backtracking press release had a number of glaring omissions."

The Postal Service chief's backtracking press release had a number of glaring omissions.

ike hanging, the possibility of being sued by 20 state attorneys general, and/or being roasted on a spit in front of congressional committees, seems to concentrate the mind wonderfully. Postmaster General—and abandoned James Lee Burke character—Louis DeJoy on Tuesday issued a statement announcing that he (maybe, perhaps) will suspend all of the various shenanigans that have made him famous over the past month or so.

I am announcing today the expansion of our current leadership taskforce on election mail to enhance our ongoing work and partnership with state and local election officials in jurisdictions throughout the country. Leaders of our postal unions and management associations have committed to joining this taskforce to ensure strong coordination throughout our organization. Because of the unprecedented demands of the 2020 election, this taskforce will help ensure that election officials and voters are well informed and fully supported by the Postal Service.

I came to the Postal Service to make changes to secure the success of this organization and its long-term sustainability. I believe significant reforms are essential to that objective, and work toward those reforms will commence after the election. In the meantime, there are some longstanding operational initiatives — efforts that predate my arrival at the Postal Service — that have been raised as areas of concern as the nation prepares to hold an election in the midst of a devastating pandemic. To avoid even the appearance of any impact on election mail, I am suspending these initiatives until after the election is concluded.

 

Feel free to drive your full-size family minivan through the loopholes in this statement. For one thing, there’s nothing in there about repairing the damage DeJoy already has done; are the sorting machines that have been removed from USPS facilities around the country going to be returned? Who knows? The indefatigable Ari Berman reports on the electric Twitter machine that 671 sorting machines have been removed already, including 24 in Ohio, nine in Wisconsin, and 11 in Detroit. (Micro-targeting much?) Berman also points out that DeJoy’s statement does not address the directive to leave undelivered mail behind or the move to charge first-class rates for ballots, and that it says nothing about overtime pay for USPS employees working what is anticipated to be a Christmas-level rush at the beginning of November. 

 

These omissions caught the eye of the House of Representatives, which plans to move ahead on Saturday with a bill meant to confront the damage already done by DeJoy and by the administration* he serves. And, behind it all, is the single most immutable political fact of this era—nothing, absolutely nothing, this administration* says can be taken as the truth.

READ MORE



Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. (photo: Getty)
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. (photo: Getty)

ALSO SEE: Rep. Ocasio-Cortez's Convention Speech Serves as Warning
to Democratic Establishment and Biden

AOC Calls Out NBC for Spreading Misinformation After DNC Speech
Tom McCarthy, Guardian UK
McCarthy writes: "Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez accused NBC News of spreading an 'incredible amount of damage and misinformation' overnight on Tuesday after the network construed a routine procedural speech by her as a snub of the Democratic presidential nominee, Joe Biden." 

Speaking on the second night of the Democratic national convention (DNC), Ocasio-Cortez was assigned to second the nomination of Senator Bernie Sanders as president. Sanders ended his presidential bid and endorsed Biden last spring, but he was in line for a formal nomination as part of the process of transferring his delegates to Biden.

Ocasio-Cortez had originally endorsed Sanders for president during the primary season before switching her support to Biden.

“In a time when millions of people in the United States are looking for deep systemic solutions to our crises of mass evictions, unemployment and lack of healthcare,” Ocasio-Cortez said in a short speech on Tuesday, “en espĂ­ritu del pueblo and out of a love for all people, I hereby second the nomination of Senator Bernard Sanders of Vermont for president of the United States of America.”

Soon after, NBC News sent a tweet that seemed to impute some intrigue to the fact that Ocasio-Cortez had not endorsed Biden for president. Such endorsements are not typically conferred in the convention setting and there was no reason or expectation for Ocasio-Cortez to do so.

But an NBC News account tweeted: “In one of the shortest speeches of the DNC, Rep Ocasio-Cortez did not endorse Joe Biden: ‘I hereby second the nomination of Sen. Bernard Sanders of Vermont for president of the United States of America.’”

Hours later, the tweet was deleted and an editor’s note was appended reading, “This tweet should have included more detail on the nominating process.”

But Ocasio-Cortez and others were dissatisfied, accusing the news outlet of stoking false controversy at a time when the Democratic party faces a generational divide between leaders like Ocasio-Cortez, a 30-year-old progressive, and Biden, a 77-year-old who won his first Senate race 17 years before she was born.

Ocasio-Cortez tweeted three times at NBC, starting after midnight:

As of this writing NBC News had not released further comment.

Sanders was also nominated for president at the 2016 Democratic national convention, before his delegates were passed to Hillary Clinton. Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard nominated Sanders, and the nomination was seconded by a state campaign director and a spokeswoman for an election watchdog group.

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Kimberly King wears a mask honoring Breonna Taylor - in front of a mural honoring Taylor, David McAtee, Sandra Bland, George Floyd and others - this month in Louisville. (photo: Joshua Lott/The Washington Post)
Kimberly King wears a mask honoring Breonna Taylor - in front of a mural honoring Taylor, David McAtee, Sandra Bland, George Floyd and others - this month in Louisville. (photo: Joshua Lott/The Washington Post)


As Breonna Taylor Protests Stretch Into 12th Week, Calls for Officers' Arrests Intensify
Josh Wood and Tim Craig, The Washington Post
Excerpt: "Five months after Breonna Taylor's death, Kentucky's largest city has become the epicenter of the national movement for racial justice, weathering more than 80 days of protests as activists pour into the streets calling for charges against the police officers involved in her fatal shooting."
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Universal healthcare activist Ady Barkan. (photo: Rozette Rago/The New York Times)
Universal healthcare activist Ady Barkan. (photo: Rozette Rago/The New York Times)


Ady Barkan, Medicare for All Activist Dying From ALS, Urges Biden to Adopt Universal Healthcare
Democracy Now!
Excerpt: "Barkan is a leading advocate of Medicare for All and has publicly challenged Biden, who does not support Medicare for All."




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A group of suffragists picket outside a opera house, circa 1919. (photo: Bettmann Archive/Getty)
A group of suffragists picket outside a opera house, circa 1919. (photo: Bettmann Archive/Getty)

ALSO SEE: Trump to Pardon Women's Suffrage
Leader Susan B. Anthony


The 19th Amendment Didn't Give Women the Right to Vote
Ann North, Vox
North writes: "The 19th Amendment did not affirmatively grant the vote to all women - or even to any women in particular."

Its language — and effects — were much narrower.

he passage of the 19th Amendment has long been heralded as the turning point for women’s voting rights in America. 

Textbooks and teaching materials hail the amendment, ratified on August 18, 1920, as a “milestone” guaranteeing voting rights to all women. In 1973, Congress designated August 26, the date the amendment was officially certified, as Women’s Equality Day — honoring, in the words of then-President Richard Nixon, “the first step toward full and equal participation of women in our Nation’s life.” This year, celebrations around the country mark the amendment’s 100th anniversary. You can buy “nasty woman” T-shirts commemorating the centennial of women voting.

But in reality, the 19th Amendment did not affirmatively grant the vote to all women — or even to any women in particular. All the text says is: “the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”

In other words, after its ratification, states were no longer allowed to keep people from the polls just because they were women. But officials who wanted to stop people from voting had plenty of other tools with which to do so.

States could use poll taxes and other voter suppression tactics — already used across the country to deny voting rights to Black men — to keep Black women from voting. They could, and did, use those same tactics against Latina women. Indigenous women and many Asian American women lacked citizenship in 1920, meaning they couldn’t vote in the first place. All in all, the 19th Amendment was essentially for one group of women and one group only: white women.

That was by design. White suffragists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton may have championed equality for women, but in practice, they often meant women like themselves. And in the drive to get states to ratify the 19th Amendment, white advocates wanted the support of Southern white women — and their husbands and fathers — and were willing to sacrifice Black Americans’ voting rights in order to get it. They were also willing to set aside the rights of Native American and Asian American women, even though they sometimes invited these women to appear at events as a way to build interest in their movement.

Therefore, despite all the celebration around the 19th Amendment, millions of women around the country were still prevented from voting in 1920 because white suffragists bargained against them. The racist laws and practices that kept them from the ballot box would take decades to undo — and, in some cases, persist to this day.

But activism for women’s voting rights did not end in 1920, and the advocacy of women of color like Fannie Lou Hamer and Diane Nash helped lead to perhaps the biggest voting rights victory of all, the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Now, in a time when many Americans are still prevented from voting by ID laws and other suppression tactics, women of color in politics are looking to and building on the legacy of these earlier advocates.

In Black female leaders — from voting rights activist and former gubernatorial candidate Stacey Abrams to Florida Rep. Val Demings — “we are seeing extraordinary women in their own right,” Martha S. Jones, a history professor at Johns Hopkins and author of the forthcoming book Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All, told Vox. “But we are also seeing, made manifest, this history.”

The idea of women’s voting rights didn’t start with white suffragists

If Americans today learned anything in school about the fight for women’s rights, they probably learned a particular story. It starts with the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, a gathering in Seneca Falls, New York, organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and other activists, to discuss women’s rights in American society. Mott and Stanton were abolitionists who had met at an anti-slavery conference in 1840; since female delegates were barred from that conference, they decided to hold their own. There, the around 300 attendees passed 11 resolutions in favor of women’s equality, including one stating that “it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise.” 

From there, the story goes, the suffragists — joined by Susan B. Anthony, the famous activist later immortalized on a line of dollar coins — waged a decades-long campaign for the vote culminating in the passage of the 19th Amendment. That amendment gave women the right to vote in America, meaning women’s rights activists could then focus on other things, like equality in the workplace. 

This story, however, is an oversimplification at best. First, while Stanton, Mott, and other white activists are often given credit for the women’s suffrage movement, women’s political equality was by no means a new idea in 1848. The suffragists at Seneca Falls were deeply influenced by Indigenous nations like the Haudenosaunee (sometimes called the Iroquois Confederacy) and the Cherokee, where women had long served as leaders. Stanton and other suffragists lived near and were in contact with Indigenous communities in upstate New York, Stephanie Sellers, a Native American studies scholar and English professor at Gettysburg College, told Vox in a statement. “What they saw in their daily lives were Haudenosaunee women not only running their own lives and families in a matrifocal governing structure, but running their nations as judges and government leaders.”

“Americans often think settler women just pulled the concept of ‘women’s rights’ out of the air without any cultural model when, in historic fact, Indigenous women in the East were living the very ideals these would-be suffragettes were philosophically fashioning and eventually legally fighting for,” Sellers said.

Black women were also active in political organizing by the time of Seneca Falls, though not always in the same settings as white women. In the 1840s, for example, Black women in Philadelphia and elsewhere were pushing for the right to become fully credentialed preachers in Methodist churches, Jones said. But “Black women never really find a home in women’s rights gatherings or, later, in suffrage associations,” Jones added. In part, that was because Black women wanted to work simultaneously against sexism and racism — pushing for federal anti-lynching legislation, for example. Groups dominated by white women didn’t necessarily share those goals, so Black women created their own, including the National Association of Colored Women, founded to campaign for women’s voting rights and the civil rights of all Black Americans.

By the late 1800s, the white-led suffrage movement that had begun at Seneca Falls — where no Black women were in attendance — had become openly racist, Jones said. Stanton, for example, opposed the 15th Amendment, which barred states and the federal government from denying people the vote based on race. 

Her criticism: The amendment would give Black men and other men of color the vote before white women. In an 1869 speech, she used a variety of racist slurs to warn her audience of the danger of granting the vote to men of color “who do not know the difference between a monarchy and a republic, who cannot read the Declaration of Independence or Webster’s spelling book.” The 15th Amendment, she said, “creates an antagonism everywhere between educated, refined women and the lower orders of men, especially in the South.”

Of course, arguments about whether Black men or white women should get the vote first completely leave out Black women and other women of color, as historian Lisa Tetrault has noted. In essence, white suffragists were more than willing to sacrifice the voting rights of those women in order to achieve their goals. 

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), founded in 1890 by Stanton, Anthony, and others, employed what it called the Southern strategy, Jones said, marginalizing Black women and their concerns in order to appeal to whites in the South. “It’s a bargain,” Jones said. “If you want white Southern women and, importantly, you want their husbands and their fathers, who are the voters, you accommodate white supremacy.”

When the 19th Amendment was passed by the Senate in 1919 and sent to the states for ratification, that accommodation continued in state legislatures, with supporters of the amendment openly reassuring skeptics that they would still be able to disenfranchise Black women even if it passed, Jones said. Indeed, there was nothing in the language of the 19th Amendment that banned the use of voter suppression tactics to keep Black women from casting their ballots.

Such tactics, in wide use in many states after the passage of the 15th Amendment to suppress voting by Black men, included poll taxes, annual fees that citizens had to pay — often months or even a year in advance — in order to be allowed to vote. 

Such taxes “disproportionately impact sharecroppers for whom cash is rare and money comes once a year,” Jones said. They also included literacy tests, in which a local official presented would-be voters with a text to read and sometimes interpret; officials could choose an especially difficult text for Black voters in an effort to trip them up, while presenting white voters with something simple like a school textbook. Another tactic was the grandfather clause, which barred people from voting unless their grandfathers had been registered to vote — an impossibility for many Black voters, whose grandfathers had been enslaved. 

“These are the impediments that African American women are going to now confront” in 1920, Jones said, “and nothing in the 19th Amendment disturbs that regime.”

The 19th Amendment did not grant voting rights to all women

The amendment did not guarantee US voting rights for Indigenous women, even though they had been an inspiration for early white suffragists. During the push for suffrage, white activists periodically sought to include Indigenous women in their demonstrations and events — “white suffragists find their stories very interesting and are using them to gain interest in the movement,” Cathleen Cahill, a history professor at Penn State University and the author of the forthcoming book Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement, told Vox. 

For example, Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin, a citizen of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, was asked to design a float for the 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession in 1913, as Cahill told the New York Times. 

However, that interest did not extend to actually campaigning for Indigenous women’s voting rights. By 1920, at least one-third of Indigenous Americans were considered wards of the nation by the US government, and thus denied the right to vote, even after the passage of the 19th Amendment. Zitkala-Sa, an Indigenous activist also known as Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, noted as much in a speech to the National Woman’s Party after the amendment was ratified, saying that “the Indian woman rejoices with you,” but adding the reminder that many Indigenous women still lacked the right that white women had won.

A similar story played out in the relationship of white suffragist leaders and Asian American activists. In the 1910s, for example, revolutionaries in China were making moves to enfranchise some women, drawing interest from Chinese American activists and white suffragists alike, Cahill said. In 1912, when she was still a teenager, Chinese American activist Mabel Lee was asked to help lead a suffrage parade in New York City — she did so on horseback. 

But as with Indigenous women, the inclusion of some Asian American women in the fight for the 19th Amendment did not translate into advocacy for their voting rights among white suffragists. Under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese immigrants were barred from US citizenship — and by the early 20th century, this ban was extended to all immigrants from Asia, Cahill said. As a result, Asian American women born outside the US did not get the vote in 1920, and would not get full voting rights until much later.

Latina women were involved in the drive to ratify the 19th Amendment as well. Many Latina suffragists marched in a 1915 suffrage parade in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as Cahill writes, and Adelina Otero-Warren, a Latina educator, became chair of the New Mexico branch of the National Woman’s Party and an instrumental part of the ratification process in the state.

Under the 19th Amendment, Latina women who were US citizens could not be blocked from voting because of their gender alone. However, as Cahill notes, many of the same voter suppression tactics used against Black voters were also used against Latinx communities. And Latinx immigrants who were not citizens did not have voting rights — nor do they have them today.

In general, while white suffragists marginalized Black female activists in order to appeal to white Southerners, non-Black women of color seemed “less threatening and more exotic” to them, Cahill said. They were willing to include these women, to some degree, in their public demonstrations, but when it came to actually fighting for their voting rights, the partnership ended.

Women of color had to fight for voting rights long after 1920. And they’re still fighting.

That left activists of color on their own to push for voting rights after the ratification of the 19th Amendment, typically without help from white suffragists, who moved on to pushing for causes like the Equal Rights Amendment, which would ban discrimination on the basis of sex across the country.

Many activists of color engaged in multiple fights simultaneously. Lee, for example, got a PhD in economics and began to focus not just on voting but on the movement of women into professional jobs. For her, “the vote was important but it was part of this larger vision of women’s equality and women’s rights,” Cahill said.

It’s not clear if Lee, who died in 1966, was ever able to vote. But Asian American immigrants did begin to gain citizenship rights in 1943 with the passage of the Magnuson Act, which repealed some of the provisions of the Chinese Exclusion Act, Rick Eng, the national vice president of communications at the Chinese American Citizens Alliance, told Vox. 

But it wasn’t until the passage of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act that restrictions on Asian American citizenship were truly removed. Until then, the number of Asian American women who were actually able to vote in the US was very small, Cahill said, and many Asian American suffragists returned to China to continue their activism there. 

After 1920, Zitkala-Sa and other Indigenous leaders “strategically used Euro-American women’s success at achieving suffrage as a way to mobilize a national movement to aid Indigenous peoples across the US,” Sellers said. And in 1924, the Indian Citizenship Act granted citizenship to all Indigenous people born in the US. However, many Indigenous people encountered voter suppression tactics when they tried to go to the polls, Cahill said, like literacy tests and purges of voting rolls.

In the 1930s, Black women began “developing, if you will, an end run around disenfranchisement,” Jones said. Women like educator and suffragist Mary McLeod Bethune took roles in federal agencies created as part of the New Deal, like the National Youth Administration, and used them to direct resources and support to Black communities. 

These roles were appointed, not elected, so Black women could attain them without going through an electoral system that still denied them their rights. And over the course of her career, Bethune would bring many Black women with her to jobs in federal agencies, “and help ensure that those agencies, which had been indifferent to Black Americans at their inception to an important degree, now are going to also work for interests of Black Americans,” Jones said.

At the same time, Black activists were also working directly to challenge Jim Crow laws and their effect on voting rights. That activism included on-the-ground action like the Selma campaign, during which hundreds of marchers famously crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, and were beaten by state troopers on the other side. 

Activist Diane Nash helped organize this campaign, along with her husband James Bevel. Civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer, meanwhile, worked to register herself and other Black Mississippians to vote. She also represented the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, and worked to delegitimize Mississippi delegates who had been selected entirely by white voters, with no representation from Black Mississippians, Jones said. 

That work ultimately led Congress to pass — and President Lyndon Johnson to sign — the Voting Rights Act in 1965, Jones said. That legislation “gives teeth to the ideas that animated the 15th and 19th amendments,” including federal oversight of states with a history of voter suppression, and pathways to legal redress for people deprived of their right to vote.

The Voting Rights Act was momentous, extending suffrage to many Black, Latinx, and Indigenous Americans who had previously been subject to voter suppression. In addition to states in the South, the legislation included states like Arizona and South Dakota, where suppression of Indigenous voting had been widespread, on the list of areas subject to special federal scrutiny.

However, the work of voting rights activism was far from done. Many Latinx voting activists, for example, point to the 1975 extension of the Voting Rights Act as even more consequential for their communities since it ended discrimination against “language minorities” and made it possible to require translation of voter registration materials into Spanish and other languages, according to NBC News. “This law in 1975 was an absolutely critical contributor to all the success and growth we’ve seen in Latino political empowerment,” Luis Fraga, a political science professor at Notre Dame, told the network.

In recent years, though, the country has taken steps backward in terms of voting rights. In 2013, the Supreme Court in Shelby County v. Holder effectively gutted the Voting Rights Act, striking down its formula for determining which areas were subject to federal scrutiny and allowing those jurisdictions to pass laws restricting voting rights without seeking approval from the federal government. Many state and local governments have done so, often in the form of voter ID laws that disproportionately impact voters of color. Since 2010, at least 25 states have passed new voting restrictions, with many passed after 2013, according to the Brennan Center for Justice. 

Meanwhile, unauthorized and other noncitizen immigrants, who number nearly 20 million, have never been granted the right to vote. And many trans and nonbinary Americans have faced barriers to voting due to voter ID laws — because they may not be able to obtain legal IDs that match their name, gender, or appearance — or poll worker bias. One 2018 study found that ID laws could infringe on the voting rights of 78,300 transgender people across eight states, according to Human Rights Watch.

Still, the same activism and political work that led to voting rights victories of the past continues today, with women of color often drawing on the legacies of those who came before them. Rep. Val Demings, for example, has cited the story of Bethune as an influence on her career. 

“Mary McLeod Bethune was the most powerful woman I can remember as a child,” Demings said in a statement earlier this year. “She has been an inspiration to me throughout my whole life.”

Meanwhile, Stacey Abrams’s political career rests on the tradition of Black women and other women of color before her. Both in her gubernatorial run and in her activism for voting rights in Georgia since then, Abrams draws on the legacy of previous generations of Black female leaders, Jones has said. 

“Black women, when they come into politics, whether it’s the beginning of the 19th century or the beginning of the 21st, talk in the language of humanity, talk in the language of ‘all of us,’” Jones said. “I see African American women not just in this moment but historically, consistently, and at great personal risk, having held the bar high for us.”

As America reckons with its racist foundation, historians say it is equally important not to erase the women of color who have been fighting for voting rights and exercising political power since before Seneca Falls, and who continue to do so. “We live in a multicultural democracy today, and it didn’t just suddenly happen,” Cahill said. “These women were right there, involved in the struggle.”

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Colombia's former president Alvaro Uribe. (photo: Tomas Ayuso/Bloomberg)
Colombia's former president Alvaro Uribe. (photo: Tomas Ayuso/Bloomberg)


Colombia: Ex-President Uribe Resigns From Senate Seat
teleSUR
Excerpt: "Colombia's former president Alvaro Uribe renounced his seat in the country's Senate on Tuesday amidst an inquiry against him for witness manipulation."
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The captain of the vessel behind a devastating Mauritius oil spill left court after being charged Tuesday. (photo: Rishi Etwaroo/Getty)
The captain of the vessel behind a devastating Mauritius oil spill left court after being charged Tuesday. (photo: Rishi Etwaroo/Getty)


Mauritius Arrests Captain of Ship Behind Devastating Oil Spill
Olivia Rosane, EcoWatch
Rosane writes: "The captain of the ship that ran aground off Mauritius and caused an environmental crisis when oil began leaking close to the island nation's unique marine ecosystems was arrested, both police and the captain's lawyer said on Tuesday."

The captain, 58-year-old Sunil Kumar Nandeshwar of India, was charged with endangering safe navigation, BBC News reported. Chief officer Tilak Ratna Suboda of Sri Lanka was also arrested, according to The New York Times.

"We have arrested the captain of the vessel and another member of the crew. After having been heard by the court they have been denied bail and are still in detention," Inspector Siva Coothen told Reuters.

Nandeshwar was arraigned in a district court in the Mauritius capital of Port Louis. Both men will appear in court again Aug. 25, Nandeshwar's lawyer Ilshad Munsoor told The New York Times.

The MV Wakashio ran aground on one of Mauritius' reefs July 25 and began leaking oil less than two weeks later. It is estimated that at least 1,000 tons of the roughly 4,000 tons on the ship spilled into the Indian Ocean. The rest was removed before the ship split in two over the weekend, except for 90 tons still on the ship.

Rough weather conditions have made the remaining oil unsafe to remove, BBC News reported.

"Due to the adverse weather conditions, it is still risky to remove the remaining small amount of residual oil in the engine room," the National Crisis Management Committee said on Monday.

While other major oil spills have been worse in terms of total oil released into the environment, this spill was catastrophic because it occurred near two protected marine ecosystems and one wetland of international importance.

Scientists say damage from the spill could impact Mauritius' marine life and related tourism for decades, according to Reuters.

"This oil spill occurred in one of, if not the most, sensitive areas in Mauritius," oceanographer Vassen Kauppaymuthoo told Reuters Aug. 13. "We are talking of decades to recover from this damage, and some of it may never recover."

It still isn't clear why the ship passed so close to shore when it ran aground.

The Mauritius coast guard tried repeatedly to warn the vessel that it had charted a dangerous course, but received no reply, an anonymous maritime official told Reuters.

"The route set five days before the crash was wrong and the boat navigation system should have signaled that to the crew and it seems the crew ignored it. The boat did also fail to send out an SOS (when it ran aground), and did not respond to attempts by the coastguard to get in touch," the official said.

Crew members told police there had been a birthday party on the ship the day it ran aground, BBC News reported.

However, it is unclear if the party happened during the accident or before, according to Reuters.

Another theory is that the ship traveled closer to shore to pick up a WiFi signal, but the maritime official told Reuters that finding a signal would not have required sailing so close to the shore.

In Mauritius, people are angry at what they perceive is a slow government response to the spill and they are hungry for answers.

"Will we know the truth?" Reuben Pillay, who owns a company called Reubs Vision that offers virtual tours of the island, told The New York Times. "We think that there is more to this story."

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