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Diarrhea-causing parasite that can contaminate raw produce causing misery across several states
Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite. Illness is caused by consuming food or drink that contains the parasite. - Melanie Moser/CDC/DPDx
Diarrhea-causing parasite that can contaminate raw produce causing misery across several states
Summer is peak season for hot weather delights like fresh berries and salad greens, but for now, you may want to consider cooking or at least thoroughly washing raw fruits and veggies. A parasite called Cyclospora, which can contaminate raw produce and causes ferocious and long-lasting bouts of diarrheal illness, is making people sick across several states.
Michigan, which typically identifies about 50 cases of cyclosporiasis in a year, has reported almost 600 cases as of July 4, according to the state's Department of Health and Human Services.
New York state, excluding New York City, has seen 107 cases, since May 1. It typically logs 500 to 700 cases statewide each year, according to the New York State Department of Health.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it's typical for case counts to rise in the summer. Nationwide, 145 cases were reported by 17 states between May 1 and June 16, and at least 20 of those have been hospitalized, according to the CDC. Michigan's recent cases are not included in CDC's total.
Federal and state health officials say there is no evidence of a single multistate Cyclospora outbreak linking all cases. Investigations to identify potential clusters and sources of illness are ongoing.
Cyclosporiasis is caused by a single-cell parasite that's carried in human feces. It gets into food when water contaminated with feces is sprayed on crops. Once on plants, in the humid environment of a farm field, it begins to multiply, said Dr. David Freedman, professor emeritus of infectious diseases at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. It can often be a problem for travelers, though the CDC says the cases currently under investigation did not report travel in the two weeks before they got sick.
Though no specific food has been implicated in the current outbreaks, Freedman said there are two categories of produce that seem to turn up often as the source of outbreaks: what Freedman calls the "basil and herb" category – "cilantro, basil, plants that grow and that you might put in a salad or use as a garnish" – and the fresh berry category, which he describes as "strawberries, blueberries, melons, things that grow in fields."
The parasite is killed by heat, so cooking normally takes care of it, but when the weather warms up and people look for ways to leave their stoves off, this stomach-churning bug finds an opening.
To keep from getting sick, it's important to thoroughly wash all fresh produce before eating it.
"Just the act of washing it with a lot of water is certainly going to get the organisms off of there," Freedman said.
Thoroughly washing hands and kitchen counters, as well as cutting surfaces, is important, too.
But be aware, Freedman said, that bleach doesn't kill the parasite. So Clorox wipes used on the go or at a picnic won't do the trick. Instead, thorough handwashing with soap and water and a follow-up with an alcohol-based hand sanitizer are safer bets.
Freedman says the primary symptoms of infection are frequent bouts of watery diarrhea, loss of appetite and a low-grade fever, and these can start two to 14 days after eating contaminated food.
Staying hydrated and replenishing electrolytes with a drink like Gatorade or Pedialyte is important if you get sick, he added.
"If you're having really bad diarrhea and you're having some fever, I would probably seek medical help right away," Freedman said.
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